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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Delta-Distribution</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b>Delta-Distribution</b> (auch <b>δ-Funktion</b>; <b>Dirac-Funktion</b>, <b>-Impuls</b>, <b>-Puls</b>, <b>-Stoß</b> (nach <a href="Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>), <b>Stoßfunktion</b>, <b>Nadelimpuls</b>, <b>Impulsfunktion</b> oder <b>Einheitsimpulsfunktion</b> genannt) als mathematischer Begriff ist eine spezielle <a href="Singul%C3%A4re_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Singuläre Distribution">singuläre Distribution</a> mit <a href="Kompakter_Raum" title="Kompakter Raum">kompaktem</a> <a href="Tr%C3%A4ger_(Mathematik)" title="Träger (Mathematik)">Träger</a>. Ihr übliches Formelsymbol ist δ (kleines Delta).
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>
<p>Die Delta-Distribution ist eine <a href="Stetige_Abbildung" class="mw-redirect" title="Stetige Abbildung">stetige</a> <a href="Lineare_Abbildung" title="Lineare Abbildung">lineare</a> Abbildung von einem <a href="Funktionenraum" title="Funktionenraum">Funktionenraum</a> der <a href="Testfunktion" title="Testfunktion">Testfunktionen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">E</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c298ed828ff778065aeb5f0f305097f55bb9ae0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.311ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}" loading="lazy"></span> in den zugrunde liegenden <a href="K%C3%B6rper_(Algebra)" title="Körper (Algebra)">Körper</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {K} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">K</mi>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {K} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1848c435e64864e9ad4efa7e46bd6bc900c35c99.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {K} }" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta \colon \,{\mathcal {E}}\to \mathbb {K} \,,\,f\mapsto f(0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">E</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mi mathvariant="double-struck">K</mi>
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<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">↦<!-- ↦ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta \colon \,{\mathcal {E}}\to \mathbb {K} \,,\,f\mapsto f(0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6898dbf229913629b3a6f59ef65cefdcfd16aae0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.154ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta \colon \,{\mathcal {E}}\to \mathbb {K} \,,\,f\mapsto f(0)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Der Testfunktionenraum für die Delta-Distribution ist der Raum der <a href="Glatte_Funktion" title="Glatte Funktion">beliebig oft differenzierbaren Funktionen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C^{\infty }(\Omega )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C^{\infty }(\Omega )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/82c111d29a7f9654c9b6df7b1b3f8fcac0f02c04.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.161ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C^{\infty }(\Omega )}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega \subset \mathbb {R} ^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mo>⊂<!-- ⊂ --></mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
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</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega \subset \mathbb {R} ^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/79774d994aac0be34ef390915fed12cbce816f6f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.673ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega \subset \mathbb {R} ^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> bzw. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega \subset \mathbb {C} ^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mo>⊂<!-- ⊂ --></mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega \subset \mathbb {C} ^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2bf3d07dbd409d4fccf54b45231b89ac86b43868.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.673ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega \subset \mathbb {C} ^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> offen und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0\in \Omega }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0\in \Omega }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5a17d759e0a9249c7785592528c0cfa0e867ef0f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.681ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0\in \Omega }" loading="lazy"></span>. Somit entspricht <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {K} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {K} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1848c435e64864e9ad4efa7e46bd6bc900c35c99.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {K} }" loading="lazy"></span> entweder den reellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/786849c765da7a84dbc3cce43e96aad58a5868dc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> oder den komplexen Zahlen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f9add4085095b9b6d28d045fd9c92c2c09f549a7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Die Delta-Distribution ordnet jeder beliebig oft differenzierbaren Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> eine reelle bzw. komplexe Zahl <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (f)=f(0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (f)=f(0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ea439b41817f0019dd783fb2456860567f832e10.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.485ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (f)=f(0)}" loading="lazy"></span> zu, nämlich die Auswertung der Funktion an der Stelle 0. Der Wert, den die Delta-Distribution nach Anwendung auf eine Testfunktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\in {\mathcal {E}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">E</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\in {\mathcal {E}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/714009d22964dde1f174349d45f599d1c414ba79.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.43ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\in {\mathcal {E}}}" loading="lazy"></span> liefert, schreibt man (mit der Notation der <a href="Duale_Paarung" title="Duale Paarung">dualen Paarung</a>) auch als
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (f)=\langle \delta ,f\rangle =f(0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (f)=\langle \delta ,f\rangle =f(0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cea18ee04ba25dfbbe0bb5712a00cd9cf4b58ae0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.754ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (f)=\langle \delta ,f\rangle =f(0)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>beziehungsweise auch als
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (f)=\int _{\Omega }\delta (x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(0)\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
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<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
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<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (f)=\int _{\Omega }\delta (x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(0)\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1787c52ae4b8ce46802067060262dfb5f8d7116a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:30.718ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (f)=\int _{\Omega }\delta (x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(0)\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Diese Schreibweise ist eigentlich nicht richtig und nur symbolisch zu verstehen, weil die Delta-Distribution eine singuläre Distribution ist, das heißt, sie lässt sich nicht durch eine <a href="Lokal_integrierbare_Funktion" title="Lokal integrierbare Funktion">lokal integrierbare Funktion</a> in obiger Weise darstellen. Es gibt also keine Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c5321cfa797202b3e1f8620663ff43c4660ea03a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta }" loading="lazy"></span>, welche der obigen Definition genügt. Insbesondere bei technisch orientierten Anwendungen des Konzepts sind dennoch mathematisch nicht präzise Bezeichnungen wie „Delta-Funktion“, „Dirac-Funktion“ oder „Impulsfunktion“ gebräuchlich. Bei Verwendung der Integral-Schreibweise ist zu beachten, dass es sich <i>nicht</i> um ein <a href="Riemann-Integral" class="mw-redirect" title="Riemann-Integral">Riemann-Integral</a> oder <a href="Lebesgue-Integral" title="Lebesgue-Integral">Lebesgue-Integral</a> bzgl. des <a href="Lebesgue-Ma%C3%9F" title="Lebesgue-Maß">Lebesgue-Maßes</a>, sondern um die Auswertung des Funktionals <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c5321cfa797202b3e1f8620663ff43c4660ea03a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta }" loading="lazy"></span> an der Stelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span>, also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (f)=f(0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (f)=f(0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ea439b41817f0019dd783fb2456860567f832e10.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.485ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (f)=f(0)}" loading="lazy"></span>, handelt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_über_Dirac-Maß"><span id="Definition_.C3.BCber_Dirac-Ma.C3.9F"></span>Definition über Dirac-Maß</h2></div>
<p>Das durch ein positives <a href="Radon-Ma%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Radon-Maß">Radon-Maß</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9fd47b2a39f7a7856952afec1f1db72c67af6161.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.402ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu }" loading="lazy"></span> erzeugte Funktional <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle \langle \mu ,f\rangle =\int f(x)\,\mathrm {d} \mu }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle \langle \mu ,f\rangle =\int f(x)\,\mathrm {d} \mu }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1e1bee7c5806a21fb58e864e423ffb40336b5260.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.926ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle \langle \mu ,f\rangle =\int f(x)\,\mathrm {d} \mu }" loading="lazy"></span> (für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\in {\mathcal {D}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\in {\mathcal {D}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb0d0a97f50a3a6be808b5026f30dbc33eef3042.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.911ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\in {\mathcal {D}}}" loading="lazy"></span>) ist eine Distribution. Die Delta-Distribution wird von folgendem Radon-Maß – man spricht hier speziell vom <a href="Diracma%C3%9F" title="Diracmaß">Diracmaß</a> – erzeugt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (A)={\begin{cases}1,\ &amp;{\text{ falls }}0\in A,\\0,\ &amp;{\text{ sonst,}}\end{cases}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;falls&nbsp;</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;sonst,</mtext>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (A)={\begin{cases}1,\ &amp;{\text{ falls }}0\in A,\\0,\ &amp;{\text{ sonst,}}\end{cases}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/45281c7119a2f9d0f7190f7c6295419170f262b1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:26.932ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (A)={\begin{cases}1,\ &amp;{\text{ falls }}0\in A,\\0,\ &amp;{\text{ sonst,}}\end{cases}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\subseteq \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\subseteq \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e286ff36e0ad1e0e1e70be50b1cbcfe232b94867.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.52ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\subseteq \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span>. Ein Maß lässt sich physikalisch interpretieren, z.&nbsp;B. als <a href="Massenverteilung" title="Massenverteilung">Massenverteilung</a> oder <a href="Ladungsverteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladungsverteilung">Ladungsverteilung</a> des Raums. Dann entspricht die Delta-Distribution einem Massenpunkt der Masse 1 oder einer Punktladung der Ladung 1 im Ursprung.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f\rangle =\int f(x)\,\mathrm {d} \delta =f(0).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f\rangle =\int f(x)\,\mathrm {d} \delta =f(0).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a8c0c548844a7e8152f6b0ba6fc4728f35690a8f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:25.991ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f\rangle =\int f(x)\,\mathrm {d} \delta =f(0).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Befinden sich an den Stellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{i}\in \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{i}\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c16c64c292c38a4a3ebfee3be0ade520d4463413.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.648ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{i}\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> Punktladungen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2752dcbff884354069fe332b8e51eb0a70a531b6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.837ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span>, wobei die Summe über alle Ladungen endlich bleibt, dann wird für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\subset \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>⊂<!-- ⊂ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\subset \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ef692ec1b19585252716a62d8951d503037bf4ad.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.52ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\subset \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> ein Maß auf der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/59f59b7c3e6fdb1d0365a494b81fb9a696138c36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma }" loading="lazy"></span>-Algebra aller Teilmengen von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/786849c765da7a84dbc3cce43e96aad58a5868dc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> definiert, das der Ladungsverteilung entspricht (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i_{A}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>A</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i_{A}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e9e463d75472ee49a8044ef32f873ef2686bdb00.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.267ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i_{A}}" loading="lazy"></span> durchlaufe alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{i}\in A}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>A</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{i}\in A}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4bbfd6a266904ae3cedc2f33230873e452136e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.713ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{i}\in A}" loading="lazy"></span>):
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho (A):=\sum _{i_{A}}q_{i}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>A</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho (A):=\sum _{i_{A}}q_{i}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1e6a486bccf675e612f2a1b52197e20d88c7087f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:14.725ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho (A):=\sum _{i_{A}}q_{i}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Für dieses Maß ist dann die zugehörige Distribution:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \rho ,f\rangle =\int f(x)\,\mathrm {d} \rho =\sum _{i_{A}}f(x_{i})q_{i}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>A</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \rho ,f\rangle =\int f(x)\,\mathrm {d} \rho =\sum _{i_{A}}f(x_{i})q_{i}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/afebad58cfa8ea634f66d3fa9828247599930e74.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:32.843ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \rho ,f\rangle =\int f(x)\,\mathrm {d} \rho =\sum _{i_{A}}f(x_{i})q_{i}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approximation_der_Delta-Distribution">Approximation der Delta-Distribution</h2></div>

<p>Man kann die Delta-Distribution wie alle anderen Distributionen auch als Grenzwert einer <a href="Funktionenfolge" title="Funktionenfolge">Funktionenfolge</a> darstellen. Die Menge der Dirac-Folgen ist die wichtigste Klasse von Funktionenfolgen, mit denen die Delta-Distribution dargestellt werden kann. Jedoch gibt es noch weitere Folgen, die gegen die Delta-Distribution konvergieren.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dirac-Folge">Dirac-Folge</h3></div>
<p>Eine Folge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\delta _{k})_{k\in \mathbb {N} }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\delta _{k})_{k\in \mathbb {N} }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2086009de3836b4971bc96f3bdcbd42c9650f52c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.302ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\delta _{k})_{k\in \mathbb {N} }}" loading="lazy"></span> integrierbarer Funktionen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{k}\in L^{1}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{k}\in L^{1}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/94041cb7918c5fe31bbdb241ced4da482730a033.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.305ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{k}\in L^{1}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}" loading="lazy"></span> wird Dirac-Folge genannt, falls
</p>
<ol><li>für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c520ee2cb6ccf8a93c89a8c58a8378796bd52e53.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.067ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> und alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {N} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {N} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a5bc4b7383031ba693b7433198ead7170954c1d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.73ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span> die Bedingung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{k}(x)\geq 0\,,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{k}(x)\geq 0\,,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6dadb697ef0e0f4da6f9d63141bc2b2b5bc9d799.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{k}(x)\geq 0\,,}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {N} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {N} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a5bc4b7383031ba693b7433198ead7170954c1d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.73ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span> die Identität <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\delta _{k}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\delta _{k}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/41270b71e6a801fb5bb2250fe7bd6e72608fc00b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:16.594ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\delta _{k}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=1}" loading="lazy"></span> und</li>
<li>für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon >0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon &gt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/568095ad3924314374a5ab68fae17343661f2a71.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.205ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon >0}" loading="lazy"></span> die Gleichheit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim _{k\to \infty }\int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}\setminus B_{\epsilon }(0)}\delta _{k}(x)\mathrm {d} x=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo class="MJX-variant">∖<!-- ∖ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim _{k\to \infty }\int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}\setminus B_{\epsilon }(0)}\delta _{k}(x)\mathrm {d} x=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/254350014ed83a26d49b3c319799b1abca21a4e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:25.613ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lim _{k\to \infty }\int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}\setminus B_{\epsilon }(0)}\delta _{k}(x)\mathrm {d} x=0}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ol>
<p>gilt. Manchmal versteht man unter einer Dirac-Folge auch nur einen Spezialfall der hier definierten Dirac-Folge. Wählt man nämlich eine Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi \in L^{1}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi \in L^{1}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/936d16c8d936fcef70fedb9441e536d0ba872685.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.569ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi \in L^{1}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi (x)\geq 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi (x)\geq 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f05945d97876f27c02e6c40ad59849f7467ae9ab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.785ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi (x)\geq 0}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c520ee2cb6ccf8a93c89a8c58a8378796bd52e53.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.067ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle \int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\phi (x)\mathrm {d} x=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle \int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\phi (x)\mathrm {d} x=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e60e320cfb958f3a7fdbf91722d77e9062d90813.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:15.276ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle \int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\phi (x)\mathrm {d} x=1}" loading="lazy"></span> und setzt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x):=\epsilon ^{-n}\phi ({\tfrac {x}{\epsilon }})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x):=\epsilon ^{-n}\phi ({\tfrac {x}{\epsilon }})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b0e49bc9f5841220fbd85c46f834704b30585062.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.229ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x):=\epsilon ^{-n}\phi ({\tfrac {x}{\epsilon }})}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon >0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon &gt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/568095ad3924314374a5ab68fae17343661f2a71.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.205ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon >0}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann erfüllt diese <a href="Funktionenschar" class="mw-redirect" title="Funktionenschar">Funktionenschar</a> die Eigenschaften 1 und 2. Betrachtet man den Grenzwert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon \to 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon \to 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6ae0c6cff2bb076c6e2f4360af63873b0b940d02.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.721ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon \to 0}" loading="lazy"></span> anstatt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k\to \infty }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k\to \infty }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/acf168f27ae911d0e1f71ce7e2c8fc9d1a3adeb5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.149ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k\to \infty }" loading="lazy"></span>, so ist auch Eigenschaft 3 erfüllt. Daher nennt man die Funktionenschar <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/24e968af8ad9cb12efa4cf3a983c7766b0606f49.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.932ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }}" loading="lazy"></span> ebenfalls Dirac-Folge.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bemerkungen">Bemerkungen</h3></div>
<p>Die Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/74fee48740841008fe3a4585440d650dbea735ac.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.121ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{k}}" loading="lazy"></span> kann man nun mit einer <a href="Regul%C3%A4re_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Reguläre Distribution">regulären Distribution</a>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{k}(f):=\langle \delta _{k},f\rangle :=\int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\delta _{k}(x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msub>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{k}(f):=\langle \delta _{k},f\rangle :=\int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\delta _{k}(x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e973b117b3193f7dc8e99bb3d906de7f721308ab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:36.08ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{k}(f):=\langle \delta _{k},f\rangle :=\int _{\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\delta _{k}(x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>identifizieren. Nur im Limes <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k\to \infty }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k\to \infty }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/acf168f27ae911d0e1f71ce7e2c8fc9d1a3adeb5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.149ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k\to \infty }" loading="lazy"></span> erhält man das ungewöhnliche Verhalten der Delta-Distribution
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim _{k\to \infty }\delta _{k}(f)=\lim _{k\to \infty }\langle \delta _{k},f\rangle =f(0)=\langle \delta ,f\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim _{k\to \infty }\delta _{k}(f)=\lim _{k\to \infty }\langle \delta _{k},f\rangle =f(0)=\langle \delta ,f\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/082061c45cdb6cb21a2dd97fdc72f2e208b4fc81.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:38.841ex; height:4.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lim _{k\to \infty }\delta _{k}(f)=\lim _{k\to \infty }\langle \delta _{k},f\rangle =f(0)=\langle \delta ,f\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>wobei zu beachten ist, dass die Limes-Bildung nicht <i>unter</i> dem Integral, sondern <i>davor</i> erfolgt. Würde man den Limes unter das Integral ziehen, so wäre <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/24e968af8ad9cb12efa4cf3a983c7766b0606f49.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.932ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }}" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Fast_%C3%BCberall" title="Fast überall">fast überall</a> Null, nur nicht bei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/953917eaf52f2e1baad54c8c9e3d6f9bb3710cdc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.591ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=0}" loading="lazy"></span>. Ein einzelner Punkt hat jedoch das Lebesgue-Maß Null und das ganze Integral würde verschwinden.
</p><p>Anschaulich stellt man sich die Delta-Distribution als eine beliebig hohe und beliebig schmale Funktion vor, die über der x-Achse eine Fläche mit Größe 1 Flächeneinheit einschließt. Man lässt nun die Funktion immer schmaler und dafür immer höher werden – die Fläche darunter muss konstant 1 bleiben. Es existieren auch mehrdimensionale Dirac-Distributionen, diese werden anschaulich zu mehrdimensionalen „Keulen“ mit dem Volumen 1.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beispiele_für_Dirac-Folgen"><span id="Beispiele_f.C3.BCr_Dirac-Folgen"></span>Beispiele für Dirac-Folgen</h3></div>
<p>Im Folgenden werden verschiedene Approximationen (Dirac-Folgen) <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e14fc64fa3a401061b706f3f3eaf54cf65fc3ace.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.071ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> angegeben, zunächst stetig differenzierbare:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Normalverteilung" title="Normalverteilung">Glockenfunktionen (Normalverteilungen)</a></li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi \epsilon }}}\,\exp \left(-{\frac {x^{2}}{2\epsilon }}\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi \epsilon }}}\,\exp \left(-{\frac {x^{2}}{2\epsilon }}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/677a604929a4feae1f7ecc8361a3ff445d05d997.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:27.156ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi \epsilon }}}\,\exp \left(-{\frac {x^{2}}{2\epsilon }}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>Die angegebenen Funktionen besitzen ein sehr schmales und sehr hohes Maximum bei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/953917eaf52f2e1baad54c8c9e3d6f9bb3710cdc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.591ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=0}" loading="lazy"></span>, die Breite ist etwa <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\epsilon }}\to 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\epsilon }}\to 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db7fd5c1f0d6eb79c3d9b2f841ea6a665d98f7f9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.657ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\epsilon }}\to 0}" loading="lazy"></span> und die Höhe etwa <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1/{\sqrt {\epsilon }}\to \infty }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1/{\sqrt {\epsilon }}\to \infty }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/71b8be4941175253f3019930f8a6259cf9deefd6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.143ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1/{\sqrt {\epsilon }}\to \infty }" loading="lazy"></span>. Für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3837cad72483d97bcdde49c85d3b7b859fb3fd2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.944ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon }" loading="lazy"></span> ist der Flächeninhalt unter der Funktion 1.</dd></dl>
<ul><li><a href="Lorentzkurve" title="Lorentzkurve">Lorentzkurven</a></li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\pi }}{\frac {\epsilon }{x^{2}+\epsilon ^{2}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\pi }}{\frac {\epsilon }{x^{2}+\epsilon ^{2}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dabf509dbce184f87e75c73a30a07084994b7748.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:18.397ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\pi }}{\frac {\epsilon }{x^{2}+\epsilon ^{2}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<ul><li><a href="Augustin_Jean_Fresnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustin Jean Fresnel">Fresnel</a>-Darstellung</li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mathrm {i} \pi \epsilon }}}\,\exp \left({\frac {\mathrm {i} x^{2}}{\epsilon }}\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mathrm {i} \pi \epsilon }}}\,\exp \left({\frac {\mathrm {i} x^{2}}{\epsilon }}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1a1337f8411460b618c6825931c970cacc3c8b91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:25.479ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mathrm {i} \pi \epsilon }}}\,\exp \left({\frac {\mathrm {i} x^{2}}{\epsilon }}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>die man sich vorstellen kann als eine Linie, die auf einen Zylinder gewickelt ist, und deren Wicklungen durch das <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cf0bf28fd28f45d07e1ceb909ce333c18c558c93.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> immer enger werden; die Grundfläche (in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>-<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" loading="lazy"></span>-Ausrichtung) des Zylinders wird aus dem Imaginär- und Realteil der Funktion gebildet, die Funktion entwickelt sich dann in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span>-Richtung.</dd></dl>
<p>Es sind aber auch Approximationen möglich, die nur stückweise stetig differenzierbar sind:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Rechteckfunktion" title="Rechteckfunktion">Rechteckfunktion</a></li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {\operatorname {rect} (x/\epsilon )}{\epsilon }}={\begin{cases}{\frac {1}{\epsilon }}&amp;\ |x|\leq {\frac {\epsilon }{2}}\\0&amp;\ {\text{sonst}}\end{cases}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>rect</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>sonst</mtext>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {\operatorname {rect} (x/\epsilon )}{\epsilon }}={\begin{cases}{\frac {1}{\epsilon }}&amp;\ |x|\leq {\frac {\epsilon }{2}}\\0&amp;\ {\text{sonst}}\end{cases}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4da7b7ae30f576edd9c815515ab8d99712e11754.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:35.667ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {\operatorname {rect} (x/\epsilon )}{\epsilon }}={\begin{cases}{\frac {1}{\epsilon }}&amp;\ |x|\leq {\frac {\epsilon }{2}}\\0&amp;\ {\text{sonst}}\end{cases}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<ul><li><a href="Dreiecksfunktion" title="Dreiecksfunktion">Dreiecksfunktion</a></li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\begin{cases}{\dfrac {\epsilon +x}{\epsilon ^{2}}}&amp;\ -\epsilon \leq x\leq 0\\{\dfrac {\epsilon -x}{\epsilon ^{2}}}&amp;\ 0<x\leq \epsilon \\0&amp;\ {\text{sonst}}\end{cases}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>sonst</mtext>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\begin{cases}{\dfrac {\epsilon +x}{\epsilon ^{2}}}&amp;\ -\epsilon \leq x\leq 0\\{\dfrac {\epsilon -x}{\epsilon ^{2}}}&amp;\ 0&lt;x\leq \epsilon \\0&amp;\ {\text{sonst}}\end{cases}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/21653f2b9a9b991562620239f5e2f16a92e161fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -6.005ex; width:32.314ex; height:13.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\begin{cases}{\dfrac {\epsilon +x}{\epsilon ^{2}}}&amp;\ -\epsilon \leq x\leq 0\\{\dfrac {\epsilon -x}{\epsilon ^{2}}}&amp;\ 0<x\leq \epsilon \\0&amp;\ {\text{sonst}}\end{cases}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<ul><li><a href="Exponentialfunktion" title="Exponentialfunktion">Exponentialfunktion</a> um Ursprung abfallend</li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{2\epsilon }}\exp \left(-{\frac {|x|}{\epsilon }}\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{2\epsilon }}\exp \left(-{\frac {|x|}{\epsilon }}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/181d002f83438618fc40bd5c542c1e1e5bc6c720.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:23.741ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{2\epsilon }}\exp \left(-{\frac {|x|}{\epsilon }}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weitere_Beispiele">Weitere Beispiele</h3></div>

<ul><li>Die Funktionenfolge der <a href="Sinc-Funktion" title="Sinc-Funktion">Sinc-Funktionen</a></li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\pi x}}\sin \left({\frac {x}{\epsilon }}\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\pi x}}\sin \left({\frac {x}{\epsilon }}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7863af2afcb4e72ad6717ef55d6de1076cfd6786.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:19.852ex; height:5.176ex;" aria-hidden="true" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }(x)={\frac {1}{\pi x}}\sin \left({\frac {x}{\epsilon }}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>ist keine Dirac-Folge, da ihre Folgenglieder auch negative Werte annehmen. Betrachtet man allerdings den Ausdruck
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim _{\epsilon \to 0}\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }{\frac {1}{\pi x}}\sin \left({\frac {x}{\epsilon }}\right)\phi (x)\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim _{\epsilon \to 0}\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }{\frac {1}{\pi x}}\sin \left({\frac {x}{\epsilon }}\right)\phi (x)\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8a249493a2f9667fac7aa0af8f3b5fffb3cb2af5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:27.279ex; height:6.009ex;" aria-hidden="true" alt="{\displaystyle \lim _{\epsilon \to 0}\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }{\frac {1}{\pi x}}\sin \left({\frac {x}{\epsilon }}\right)\phi (x)\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>so konvergiert für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi \in {\mathcal {D}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi \in {\mathcal {D}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2505e1e90794a2fbf339fb2d90324dfa790ca181.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.018ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi \in {\mathcal {D}}}" loading="lazy"></span> diese Folge im distributionellen Sinn gegen die Delta-Distribution.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<dl><dt>Definierende Eigenschaft</dt>
<dd>der Delta-Distribution: <a href="Faltung_(Mathematik)" title="Faltung (Mathematik)">Faltungseigenschaft</a>, auch <i>Ausblendeigenschaft</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <i>Siebeigenschaft</i> genannt
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f\rangle =\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f\rangle =\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b52927af526fa40eee55df7ba6e18def0ae8078e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:32.453ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f\rangle =\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(0)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>bzw. mit den Eigenschaften Translation und Skalierung (siehe unten) folgt:
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }f(x)\,\delta (x-a)\,\mathrm {d} x=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }f(x)\,\delta (a-x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(a),}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }f(x)\,\delta (x-a)\,\mathrm {d} x=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }f(x)\,\delta (a-x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(a),}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ed973fd189d107f499693411769ee527d3caa4bd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:52.972ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }f(x)\,\delta (x-a)\,\mathrm {d} x=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }f(x)\,\delta (a-x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(a),}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>speziell für den Fall der konstanten Funktion 1:
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x-a)\,\mathrm {d} x=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x-a)\,\mathrm {d} x=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/42e498cf7444d4de50817a30cfb71cfbac98cc53.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:20.362ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x-a)\,\mathrm {d} x=1}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Linearität</dt>
<dd>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f+g\rangle =\langle \delta ,f\rangle +\langle \delta ,g\rangle =f(0)+g(0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f+g\rangle =\langle \delta ,f\rangle +\langle \delta ,g\rangle =f(0)+g(0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/419a5c1562b4616a9bfc15fdf98523580a303fb6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:39.521ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f+g\rangle =\langle \delta ,f\rangle +\langle \delta ,g\rangle =f(0)+g(0)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Translation</dt>
<dd>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \delta (\cdot -a),f\rangle =\langle \delta ,f(\cdot +a)\rangle =f(a)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \delta (\cdot -a),f\rangle =\langle \delta ,f(\cdot +a)\rangle =f(a)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b5c2fc4add7ea29390ea34669dfbe26e042740c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:33.908ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \delta (\cdot -a),f\rangle =\langle \delta ,f(\cdot +a)\rangle =f(a)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (\cdot -a)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (\cdot -a)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c1c07ca7ed95e29b1337e78aea699f52b51c2d31.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.575ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (\cdot -a)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist auch die Bezeichnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{a}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{a}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5b0186141ec6e566dcfdb70100d7d1560c544d55.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.134ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{a}}" loading="lazy"></span> gebräuchlich.</dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Skalierung</dt>
<dd>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \delta (a\cdot ),f\rangle ={\frac {1}{|a|}}\langle \delta ,f({\tfrac {\cdot }{a}})\rangle ={\frac {1}{|a|}}f(0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \delta (a\cdot ),f\rangle ={\frac {1}{|a|}}\langle \delta ,f({\tfrac {\cdot }{a}})\rangle ={\frac {1}{|a|}}f(0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cc85196e664f994b30e5572d23f4fb78350556be.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:34.708ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \delta (a\cdot ),f\rangle ={\frac {1}{|a|}}\langle \delta ,f({\tfrac {\cdot }{a}})\rangle ={\frac {1}{|a|}}f(0)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>und
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (\alpha x)={\frac {1}{|\alpha |}}\delta (x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (\alpha x)={\frac {1}{|\alpha |}}\delta (x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/688c7d9f1a470a333abb17d4cb296ae75fa489aa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:16.579ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (\alpha x)={\frac {1}{|\alpha |}}\delta (x)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>das heißt die Delta-Distribution ist positiv <a href="Homogene_Funktion" title="Homogene Funktion">homogen</a> vom Grad −1.</dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Dimension</dt>
<dd>Eine direkte Folgerung aus der Skalierungseigenschaft ist die <a href="Dimension_(Physik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimension (Physik)">Dimension</a> bzw. <a href="Ma%C3%9Feinheit" title="Maßeinheit">Maßeinheit</a> der Delta-Distribution. Sie entspricht genau der <a href="Kehrwert" title="Kehrwert">reziproken</a> Dimension ihres Arguments. Hat <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> beispielsweise die Dimension einer <a href="L%C3%A4nge_(Physik)" title="Länge (Physik)">Länge</a>, so hat <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4457507451c205a7e6adda92d919ee4c4a369cea.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.188ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (x)}" loading="lazy"></span> die Dimension (1/Länge).</dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Hintereinanderausführung</dt>
<dd>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\phi (x)\,\delta (g(x))\,\mathrm {d} x=\sum _{i=1}^{n}\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\phi (x){\frac {\delta (x-x_{i})}{|g'(x_{i})|}}\,\mathrm {d} x=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {\phi (x_{i})}{|g'(x_{i})|}},}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\phi (x)\,\delta (g(x))\,\mathrm {d} x=\sum _{i=1}^{n}\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\phi (x){\frac {\delta (x-x_{i})}{|g'(x_{i})|}}\,\mathrm {d} x=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {\phi (x_{i})}{|g'(x_{i})|}},}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/df2f0b4ee62e4dfff006bd548aa6484208a03f8c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:64.427ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\phi (x)\,\delta (g(x))\,\mathrm {d} x=\sum _{i=1}^{n}\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\phi (x){\frac {\delta (x-x_{i})}{|g'(x_{i})|}}\,\mathrm {d} x=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {\phi (x_{i})}{|g'(x_{i})|}},}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (g(x))=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {\delta (x-x_{i})}{|g^{\prime }(x_{i})|}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">′<!-- ′ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (g(x))=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {\delta (x-x_{i})}{|g^{\prime }(x_{i})|}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7e7e61379fc4a4b30343552c80dd2b5ea5541b61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:23.947ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (g(x))=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {\delta (x-x_{i})}{|g^{\prime }(x_{i})|}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e87000dd6142b81d041896a30fe58f0c3acb2158.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.129ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> die einfachen Nullstellen von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c6ca91363022bd5e4dcb17e5ef29f78b8ef00b59.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.255ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> sind (sofern <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c6ca91363022bd5e4dcb17e5ef29f78b8ef00b59.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.255ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> nur endlich viele und nur einfache Nullstellen hat). Damit folgt als ein Spezialfall die Rechenregel
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (x^{2}-\alpha ^{2})={\frac {1}{2|\alpha |}}[\delta (x-\alpha )+\delta (x+\alpha )].}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (x^{2}-\alpha ^{2})={\frac {1}{2|\alpha |}}[\delta (x-\alpha )+\delta (x+\alpha )].}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/772792904b06b511298da150b315fcd11a05f9b6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:40.315ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (x^{2}-\alpha ^{2})={\frac {1}{2|\alpha |}}[\delta (x-\alpha )+\delta (x+\alpha )].}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singularität"><span id="Singularit.C3.A4t"></span>Singularität</h3></div>
<p>Die Singularität der Delta-Distribution lässt sich mit einem Widerspruchsbeweis zeigen:
</p><p>Angenommen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c5321cfa797202b3e1f8620663ff43c4660ea03a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta }" loading="lazy"></span> wäre regulär, dann gäbe es eine lokal integrierbare Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (x)\in L_{\text{lok}}^{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>lok</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (x)\in L_{\text{lok}}^{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ece89e0f1a63ed6ca3767557eb151a7e2783e31e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:10.991ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (x)\in L_{\text{lok}}^{1}}" loading="lazy"></span>, also eine Funktion, die über jedes kompakte Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> bzgl. des <a href="Lebesgue-Ma%C3%9F" title="Lebesgue-Maß">Lebesgue-Maßes</a> integrierbar ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}|\delta (x)|\mathrm {d} x<\infty }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}|\delta (x)|\mathrm {d} x&lt;\infty }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/24f3d39cfa5619d46e313179bac15c6cf1f32469.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:17.315ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}|\delta (x)|\mathrm {d} x<\infty }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>so dass für alle Testfunktionen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f\rangle =\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(0).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f\rangle =\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(0).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ac1eb804e9f4e779b5bf5c5e7b06a7f38f128d99.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:33.1ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,f\rangle =\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=f(0).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Wähle zunächst <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b\in \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c27fd8c1a9f159a07e13c05bfeda524a5b029f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.516ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> derart, dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle \int _{-b}^{b}|\delta (x)|\mathrm {d} x<1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle \int _{-b}^{b}|\delta (x)|\mathrm {d} x&lt;1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/50a0cb68cc1fbe3630f36613ac2d189b2b802413.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:16.065ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle \int _{-b}^{b}|\delta (x)|\mathrm {d} x<1}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt. Betrachte dann die folgende Testfunktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi _{b}(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi _{b}(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eee077e728a28d3acb93292be51778e82d8d0c77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.462ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi _{b}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> mit kompaktem Träger <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [-b,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [-b,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/748f7ef451a55193dffa8c3f65a0eaadce1dfa41.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.131ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [-b,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi _{b}(x)={\begin{cases}\exp {\Big (}{\frac {b^{2}}{x^{2}-b^{2}}}{\Big )}&amp;|x|<b\\0&amp;|x|\geq b.\end{cases}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">(</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi _{b}(x)={\begin{cases}\exp {\Big (}{\frac {b^{2}}{x^{2}-b^{2}}}{\Big )}&amp;|x|&lt;b\\0&amp;|x|\geq b.\end{cases}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7db01bc51eafb297725ad9a746d8e639f3c9d062.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:33.012ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi _{b}(x)={\begin{cases}\exp {\Big (}{\frac {b^{2}}{x^{2}-b^{2}}}{\Big )}&amp;|x|<b\\0&amp;|x|\geq b.\end{cases}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Wirkung der Delta-Distribution auf diese ist:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,\phi _{b}\rangle =\phi _{b}(0)=\exp(-1)={\frac {1}{e}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>e</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,\phi _{b}\rangle =\phi _{b}(0)=\exp(-1)={\frac {1}{e}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af4ff43c04ac93d712513dcb9418bfc54f931fb1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:31.783ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,\phi _{b}\rangle =\phi _{b}(0)=\exp(-1)={\frac {1}{e}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Mit der angenommenen regulären Distribution
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,\phi _{b}\rangle =\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x)\,\phi _{b}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=\int _{-b}^{b}\delta (x)\,\phi _{b}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,\phi _{b}\rangle =\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x)\,\phi _{b}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=\int _{-b}^{b}\delta (x)\,\phi _{b}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4baa34ecb4aa13da4b1c810ce5dffed13edd4fed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:47.233ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ,\phi _{b}\rangle =\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (x)\,\phi _{b}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=\int _{-b}^{b}\delta (x)\,\phi _{b}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>lässt sich folgende Abschätzung durchführen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{e}}=|\langle \delta ,\phi _{b}\rangle |=\left|\int _{-b}^{b}\delta (x)\,\phi _{b}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\right|\leq \underbrace {\|\phi _{b}(x)\|_{\infty }} _{\phi _{b}(0)}\,\int _{-b}^{b}|\delta (x)|\,\mathrm {d} x<{\frac {1}{e}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>e</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>e</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{e}}=|\langle \delta ,\phi _{b}\rangle |=\left|\int _{-b}^{b}\delta (x)\,\phi _{b}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\right|\leq \underbrace {\|\phi _{b}(x)\|_{\infty }} _{\phi _{b}(0)}\,\int _{-b}^{b}|\delta (x)|\,\mathrm {d} x&lt;{\frac {1}{e}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/834518bb8532212d9b08ecf9b26c06d3f3058c5f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.838ex; width:65.605ex; height:8.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{e}}=|\langle \delta ,\phi _{b}\rangle |=\left|\int _{-b}^{b}\delta (x)\,\phi _{b}(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\right|\leq \underbrace {\|\phi _{b}(x)\|_{\infty }} _{\phi _{b}(0)}\,\int _{-b}^{b}|\delta (x)|\,\mathrm {d} x<{\frac {1}{e}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Man erhält also einen Widerspruch; somit ist die Delta-Distribution nicht durch eine lokal integrierbare Funktion darstellbar. Der Widerspruch ergibt sich, weil die Menge {0} für das Lebesgue-Maß vernachlässigbar ist, nicht aber für das Dirac-Maß.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ableitungen">Ableitungen</h3></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ableitung_der_Delta-Distribution">Ableitung der Delta-Distribution</h4></div>
<p>Die Delta-Distribution kann wie jede Distribution beliebig oft distributiv <a href="Differentialrechnung" title="Differentialrechnung">differenziert</a> werden:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ',f\rangle =-\langle \delta ,f'\rangle =-f'(0).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \delta ',f\rangle =-\langle \delta ,f'\rangle =-f'(0).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0279c2c3cdd30563420a12213fb0f462bc307ffd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.194ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ',f\rangle =-\langle \delta ,f'\rangle =-f'(0).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dies gilt auch für die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>-te distributive Ableitung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ^{(n)},f\rangle =(-1)^{n}\langle \delta ,f^{(n)}\rangle =(-1)^{n}f^{(n)}(0).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
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<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
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<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \delta ^{(n)},f\rangle =(-1)^{n}\langle \delta ,f^{(n)}\rangle =(-1)^{n}f^{(n)}(0).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c46552e394a3528546d039fea784dc03e418efc7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:41.014ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \delta ^{(n)},f\rangle =(-1)^{n}\langle \delta ,f^{(n)}\rangle =(-1)^{n}f^{(n)}(0).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ableitung_der_Dirac-Folge">Ableitung der Dirac-Folge</h4></div>
<p>Die Ableitungen der regulären Distributionen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/24e968af8ad9cb12efa4cf3a983c7766b0606f49.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.932ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{\epsilon }}" loading="lazy"></span> können mittels <a href="Partielle_Integration" title="Partielle Integration">partieller Integration</a> berechnet werden (hier exemplarisch für erste Ableitung, analog für höhere)
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\langle \delta _{\epsilon }^{\prime },f\rangle &amp;=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta _{\epsilon }^{\prime }(x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\\&amp;=\underbrace {\left[\delta _{\epsilon }(x)\,f(x)\right]_{-\infty }^{\infty }} _{=0}-\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta _{\epsilon }(x)\,f^{\prime }(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\\&amp;=-\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta _{\epsilon }(x)\,f^{\prime }(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\\&amp;=-\langle \delta _{\epsilon },f^{\prime }\rangle \end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
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<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msubsup>
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<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">′<!-- ′ --></mi>
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</msubsup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
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<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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</msubsup>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
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<mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">′<!-- ′ --></mi>
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<mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">′<!-- ′ --></mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">′<!-- ′ --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\langle \delta _{\epsilon }^{\prime },f\rangle &amp;=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta _{\epsilon }^{\prime }(x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\\&amp;=\underbrace {\left[\delta _{\epsilon }(x)\,f(x)\right]_{-\infty }^{\infty }} _{=0}-\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta _{\epsilon }(x)\,f^{\prime }(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\\&amp;=-\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta _{\epsilon }(x)\,f^{\prime }(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\\&amp;=-\langle \delta _{\epsilon },f^{\prime }\rangle \end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bb5b6f73b71ec478b729bdca93af4c3efc3e9fe9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -11.171ex; width:45.513ex; height:23.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\langle \delta _{\epsilon }^{\prime },f\rangle &amp;=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta _{\epsilon }^{\prime }(x)\,f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\\&amp;=\underbrace {\left[\delta _{\epsilon }(x)\,f(x)\right]_{-\infty }^{\infty }} _{=0}-\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta _{\epsilon }(x)\,f^{\prime }(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\\&amp;=-\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\delta _{\epsilon }(x)\,f^{\prime }(x)\,\mathrm {d} x\\&amp;=-\langle \delta _{\epsilon },f^{\prime }\rangle \end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und ergeben im Limes <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon \to 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon \to 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6ae0c6cff2bb076c6e2f4360af63873b0b940d02.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.721ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon \to 0}" loading="lazy"></span> das Verhalten der distributiven Ableitung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim _{\epsilon \to 0}\langle \delta _{\epsilon }^{\prime },f\rangle =-f^{\prime }(0)=\langle \delta ^{\prime },f\rangle .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">′<!-- ′ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">′<!-- ′ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
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<msup>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">′<!-- ′ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim _{\epsilon \to 0}\langle \delta _{\epsilon }^{\prime },f\rangle =-f^{\prime }(0)=\langle \delta ^{\prime },f\rangle .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3751214dc4bb75e285e0678e44faf2200000f7ea.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:28.773ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lim _{\epsilon \to 0}\langle \delta _{\epsilon }^{\prime },f\rangle =-f^{\prime }(0)=\langle \delta ^{\prime },f\rangle .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ableitung_der_Heaviside-Distribution">Ableitung der Heaviside-Distribution</h4></div>
<p>Die <a href="Heaviside-Funktion" title="Heaviside-Funktion">Heaviside-Funktion</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Theta (x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Θ<!-- Θ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Theta (x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9b38f92e5e8faa71ffc6bb90e9b8adc1a36fc8a4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.947ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Theta (x)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist nicht stetig differenzierbar, aber die distributive Ableitung existiert, diese ist nämlich die Delta-Distribution:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \Theta ',f\rangle =-\langle \Theta ,f'\rangle =-\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\Theta (x)\,f'(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=-\int _{0}^{\infty }f'(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=-\underbrace {f(\infty )} _{=0}+f(0)=\langle \delta ,f\rangle .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \Theta ',f\rangle =-\langle \Theta ,f'\rangle =-\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\Theta (x)\,f'(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=-\int _{0}^{\infty }f'(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=-\underbrace {f(\infty )} _{=0}+f(0)=\langle \delta ,f\rangle .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d75ad9586b1b4486cc302b98d204bca5646b0937.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:86.291ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \Theta ',f\rangle =-\langle \Theta ,f'\rangle =-\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\Theta (x)\,f'(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=-\int _{0}^{\infty }f'(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=-\underbrace {f(\infty )} _{=0}+f(0)=\langle \delta ,f\rangle .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Da die Heaviside-Distribution keinen kompakten Träger hat, müssen hier die Testfunktionen beliebig oft differenzierbare Funktionen mit kompaktem Träger sein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\in C_{0}^{\infty }\cong {\mathcal {D}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\in C_{0}^{\infty }\cong {\mathcal {D}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4212ab75e27f07ff7aa62f55ec46a949a2d07934.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.683ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\in C_{0}^{\infty }\cong {\mathcal {D}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, das heißt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> muss im Unendlichen verschwinden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourier-Laplace-Transformation">Fourier-Laplace-Transformation</h3></div>
<p>Da die Delta-Distribution einen kompakten Träger hat, ist es möglich, die <a href="Fourier-Laplace-Transformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourier-Laplace-Transformation">Fourier-Laplace-Transformation</a> dieser zu bilden. Für diese gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\delta }}=1\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
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</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\delta }}=1\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fbdbc94f45fe8c3f7362e8b2b71ea86400b74ed4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.597ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\delta }}=1\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fourier-Transformation">Fourier-Transformation</h4></div>
<p>Die Fourier-Laplace-Transformation ist ein Spezialfall der <a href="Fourier-Transformation" title="Fourier-Transformation">Fourier-Transformation</a> und somit gilt auch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}(\delta )(\phi )=\delta ({\mathcal {F}}(\phi ))=\delta \left(\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {i} x\xi }\phi (x)\mathrm {d} x\right)=\langle 1,\phi \rangle \,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">F</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">F</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>ξ<!-- ξ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}(\delta )(\phi )=\delta ({\mathcal {F}}(\phi ))=\delta \left(\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {i} x\xi }\phi (x)\mathrm {d} x\right)=\langle 1,\phi \rangle \,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ad7a6b5867a422e9dcb6652eafc62cc1a9f1231e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:53.185ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}(\delta )(\phi )=\delta ({\mathcal {F}}(\phi ))=\delta \left(\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {i} x\xi }\phi (x)\mathrm {d} x\right)=\langle 1,\phi \rangle \,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Es gibt auch die Konvention, den Faktor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7ef676eb866fd962ce8fe724b168c57499b2d8af.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.969ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }}}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit der Fourier-Transformation zu multiplizieren. In dem Fall ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7ef676eb866fd962ce8fe724b168c57499b2d8af.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.969ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }}}}" loading="lazy"></span> ebenfalls das Ergebnis der Fourier-Transformation der Delta-Distribution. Anschaulich bedeutet das Resultat der Transformation, dass in der Delta-Distribution alle <a href="Frequenz" title="Frequenz">Frequenzen</a> enthalten sind, und zwar mit gleicher Stärke. Die Darstellung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (x)={\mathcal {F}}^{-1}(1)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">F</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (x)={\mathcal {F}}^{-1}(1)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/99d72d1790a4dd923612ea3c5cc8e23472acb4a0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.594ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (x)={\mathcal {F}}^{-1}(1)}" loading="lazy"></span> (beziehungsweise <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (x)={\mathcal {F}}^{-1}({\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">F</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (x)={\mathcal {F}}^{-1}({\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0eb7b256aca5e7b3d29134ea8dfe61b36853db3d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:17.4ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (x)={\mathcal {F}}^{-1}({\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }}})}" loading="lazy"></span> bei der anderen Konvention für den Vorfaktor) ist eine in der Physik wichtige Darstellung der Delta-Distribution.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Laplace-Transformation">Laplace-Transformation</h4></div>
<p>Die Laplace-Transformation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">L</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9027196ecb178d598958555ea01c43157d83597c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.604ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}}" loading="lazy"></span> der Delta-Distribution erhält man als Spezialfall der Fourier-Laplace-Transformation. Es gilt nämlich auch hier
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}(\delta )=1\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">L</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}(\delta )=1\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/03c2011116dd2eaa316f0a8096cd98ae923e2013.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.757ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}(\delta )=1\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Im Gegensatz zur Fourier-Transformation gibt es hier keine anderen Konventionen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anmerkung_bezüglich_der_Darstellung"><span id="Anmerkung_bez.C3.BCglich_der_Darstellung"></span>Anmerkung bezüglich der Darstellung</h4></div>
<p>Oftmals werden die Fourier beziehungsweise die Laplace-Transformation durch die gewöhnliche Integralschreibweise dargestellt. Jedoch sind diese Darstellungen
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}(\delta )(\xi )=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {i} \xi x}\,\delta (x)\,\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">F</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ξ<!-- ξ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
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</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}(\delta )(\xi )=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {i} \xi x}\,\delta (x)\,\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/519de3fb5110940e091449e2cf8ca8daadfbcd63.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:27.809ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}(\delta )(\xi )=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {i} \xi x}\,\delta (x)\,\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>für die Fourier-Transformation beziehungsweise
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}(\delta )(\xi )=\int _{0}^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{-\xi x}\,\delta (x)\,\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">L</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ξ<!-- ξ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ξ<!-- ξ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
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</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}(\delta )(\xi )=\int _{0}^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{-\xi x}\,\delta (x)\,\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bbee33dbae6fee82a121f27fd6cdf1d2c0103b87.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:26.922ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}(\delta )(\xi )=\int _{0}^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{-\xi x}\,\delta (x)\,\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>für die Laplace-Transformation nur symbolisch zu verstehen und mathematisch nicht definiert.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transformation_der_verschobenen_Delta-Distribution">Transformation der verschobenen Delta-Distribution</h4></div>
<p>Es ist ebenfalls möglich die Fourier-Transformation beziehungsweise die Laplace-Transformation für die um <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a&gt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1f34a80ea013edb56e340b19550430a8b6dfd7b9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.491ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a>0}" loading="lazy"></span> verschobene Delta-Distribution <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta _{a}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta _{a}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5b0186141ec6e566dcfdb70100d7d1560c544d55.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.134ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta _{a}}" loading="lazy"></span> zu berechnen. Es gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\mathcal {F}}(\delta _{a})&amp;=\mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {i} \xi a}\\{\mathcal {L}}(\delta _{a})&amp;=\mathrm {e} ^{-\xi a}.\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">F</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
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<mi>ξ<!-- ξ --></mi>
<mi>a</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ξ<!-- ξ --></mi>
<mi>a</mi>
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<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\mathcal {F}}(\delta _{a})&amp;=\mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {i} \xi a}\\{\mathcal {L}}(\delta _{a})&amp;=\mathrm {e} ^{-\xi a}.\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/257157c639f28ca443853150198199d82782b460.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:14.508ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\mathcal {F}}(\delta _{a})&amp;=\mathrm {e} ^{-\mathrm {i} \xi a}\\{\mathcal {L}}(\delta _{a})&amp;=\mathrm {e} ^{-\xi a}.\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Praktische_Anwendung">Praktische Anwendung</h2></div>
<p>Praktische Bedeutung hat der Dirac-Stoß bei der Ermittlung der <a href="Impulsantwort" title="Impulsantwort">Impulsantwort</a> in der <a href="Akustik" title="Akustik">Akustik</a> (in anderen Sparten der Physik spricht man auch von einer <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c5321cfa797202b3e1f8620663ff43c4660ea03a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta }" loading="lazy"></span>-Größe, wenn man meint, dass die betreffende Größe einer schmalst-möglichen Verteilung genügt). So hat jeder Raum ein eigenes Schallverhalten. Mit einem Dirac-Impuls (angenähert durch ein Klatschen mit den Händen) kann dieses Verhalten (durch Messen des „Echos“, also der <a href="Systemantwort" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemantwort">Systemantwort</a>) ermittelt werden.
</p><p>Typische, technisch realisierbare Dirac-Werte:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Hochspannungstechnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochspannungstechnik">Hochspannungstechnik</a> ca. 1–100 <a href="Nanosekunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanosekunde">ns</a> <a href="Halbwertsbreite" title="Halbwertsbreite">Halbwertsbreite</a></li>
<li><a href="Hochfrequenztechnik" title="Hochfrequenztechnik">Hochfrequenztechnik</a> ca. 10–100 <a href="Picosekunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Picosekunde">ps</a> Halbwertsbreite</li>
<li><a href="Pulslaser" title="Pulslaser">Pulslasertechnik</a> ca. 10–100 <a href="Femtosekunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Femtosekunde">fs</a> Halbwertsbreite</li></ul>
<p>Eine wichtige Anwendung der Delta-Distribution ist die Lösung <a href="Inhomogene_Gleichung" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhomogene Gleichung">inhomogener</a> linearer gewöhnlicher und partieller <a href="Differentialgleichung" title="Differentialgleichung">Differentialgleichungen</a> mit der Methode der <a href="Greensche_Funktion" title="Greensche Funktion">Greenschen Funktion</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mehrdimensionale_Delta-Distribution">Mehrdimensionale Delta-Distribution</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition_2">Definition</h3></div>
<p>Im Mehrdimensionalen ist der Raum der Testfunktionen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">E</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c298ed828ff778065aeb5f0f305097f55bb9ae0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.311ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}" loading="lazy"></span> gleich <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C^{\infty }(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C^{\infty }(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c9e0692b99aae72807a3f239a799c0fdadaee711.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.379ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C^{\infty }(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}" loading="lazy"></span>, der Raum der beliebig oft total differenzierbaren Funktionen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon \,\mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
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<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon \,\mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2196b37303721458ddd3cbdc6af8f9f9880c9617.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.888ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon \,\mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Die Delta-Distribution hat auf die Testfunktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon \,\mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon \,\mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2196b37303721458ddd3cbdc6af8f9f9880c9617.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.888ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon \,\mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> die folgende Wirkung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta \colon \,{\mathcal {E}}\to \mathbb {R} \,,\ f\mapsto f({\vec {0}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">E</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">↦<!-- ↦ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mn>0</mn>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta \colon \,{\mathcal {E}}\to \mathbb {R} \,,\ f\mapsto f({\vec {0}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cf4495f1866fbc9ff7e59fed98f825ccc90e4c67.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.218ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta \colon \,{\mathcal {E}}\to \mathbb {R} \,,\ f\mapsto f({\vec {0}})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>In der informellen Integralschreibweise unter Verwendung von Translation und Skalierung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int f({\vec {x}})\,\delta ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}})\,\mathrm {d} ^{n}x=\int f({\vec {x}})\,\delta ({\vec {a}}-{\vec {x}})\,\mathrm {d} ^{n}x=f({\vec {a}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</mrow>
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<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int f({\vec {x}})\,\delta ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}})\,\mathrm {d} ^{n}x=\int f({\vec {x}})\,\delta ({\vec {a}}-{\vec {x}})\,\mathrm {d} ^{n}x=f({\vec {a}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8e9eeb742db769723c72fac6f4deac7cca144071.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:50.257ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int f({\vec {x}})\,\delta ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}})\,\mathrm {d} ^{n}x=\int f({\vec {x}})\,\delta ({\vec {a}}-{\vec {x}})\,\mathrm {d} ^{n}x=f({\vec {a}})}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eigenschaften_2">Eigenschaften</h3></div>
<p>Die „mehrdimensionale“ Delta-Distribution lässt sich als Produkt von „eindimensionalen“ Delta-Distributionen schreiben:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}})=\delta (x_{1}-a_{1})\,\delta (x_{2}-a_{2})\,\dots \,\delta (x_{n}-a_{n})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
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</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}})=\delta (x_{1}-a_{1})\,\delta (x_{2}-a_{2})\,\dots \,\delta (x_{n}-a_{n})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/97075c2d6a33b6357c3895a7e58fbebbd930989f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:47.442ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}})=\delta (x_{1}-a_{1})\,\delta (x_{2}-a_{2})\,\dots \,\delta (x_{n}-a_{n})}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Speziell im Dreidimensionalen gibt es eine Darstellung der Delta-Distribution, die häufig in der <a href="Elektrodynamik" title="Elektrodynamik">Elektrodynamik</a> eingesetzt wird, um <a href="Punktladung" title="Punktladung">Punktladungen</a> darzustellen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}})=-{\frac {1}{4\pi }}\Delta {\frac {1}{\|{\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}}\|_{2}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}})=-{\frac {1}{4\pi }}\Delta {\frac {1}{\|{\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}}\|_{2}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/63c5ec57008688e391a75ff620a70afb9c81e27b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:28.046ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}})=-{\frac {1}{4\pi }}\Delta {\frac {1}{\|{\vec {x}}-{\vec {a}}\|_{2}}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delta-Distribution_in_krummlinigen_Koordinatensystemen">Delta-Distribution in krummlinigen Koordinatensystemen</h3></div>
<p>In <a href="Krummlinige_Koordinaten" title="Krummlinige Koordinaten">krummlinigen Koordinatensystemen</a> muss die <a href="Funktionaldeterminante" title="Funktionaldeterminante">Funktionaldeterminante</a>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}r=\mathrm {d} x~\mathrm {d} y~\mathrm {d} z=\det {\frac {\partial (x,y,z)}{\partial (a,b,c)}}~\mathrm {d} a~\mathrm {d} b~\mathrm {d} c}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>y</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">det</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}r=\mathrm {d} x~\mathrm {d} y~\mathrm {d} z=\det {\frac {\partial (x,y,z)}{\partial (a,b,c)}}~\mathrm {d} a~\mathrm {d} b~\mathrm {d} c}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1279412143fb08c7a8a88b8fdf7debe1167baec.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:40.28ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {d} ^{3}r=\mathrm {d} x~\mathrm {d} y~\mathrm {d} z=\det {\frac {\partial (x,y,z)}{\partial (a,b,c)}}~\mathrm {d} a~\mathrm {d} b~\mathrm {d} c}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>berücksichtigt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Der Ansatz
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta ({{\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0}})=\gamma (a,b,c)~\delta (a-a_{0})~\delta (b-b_{0})~\delta (c-c_{0})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta ({{\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0}})=\gamma (a,b,c)~\delta (a-a_{0})~\delta (b-b_{0})~\delta (c-c_{0})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/173a9e5e0ecb4be488d00fdef14844690c5a80c0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:49.139ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta ({{\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0}})=\gamma (a,b,c)~\delta (a-a_{0})~\delta (b-b_{0})~\delta (c-c_{0})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(a,b,c)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(a,b,c)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2cd9167cee1f02ebc775f10f096264c081a88a98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.433ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(a,b,c)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}=(a_{0},b_{0},c_{0})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}=(a_{0},b_{0},c_{0})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e194e014b70cb97f11d0273bee6566a7f8ba612e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.65ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}=(a_{0},b_{0},c_{0})}" loading="lazy"></span> führt dabei auf die Gleichung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int _{V}\delta ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0})~\mathrm {d} ^{3}r=\iiint _{V}\det {\frac {\partial (x,y,z)}{\partial (a,b,c)}}~\gamma (a,b,c)~\delta (a-a_{0})~\delta (b-b_{0})~\delta (c-c_{0})~\mathrm {d} a~\mathrm {d} b~\mathrm {d} c~{\stackrel {!}{=}}~1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>V</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mo>∭<!-- ∭ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>V</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">det</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<mo>=</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int _{V}\delta ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0})~\mathrm {d} ^{3}r=\iiint _{V}\det {\frac {\partial (x,y,z)}{\partial (a,b,c)}}~\gamma (a,b,c)~\delta (a-a_{0})~\delta (b-b_{0})~\delta (c-c_{0})~\mathrm {d} a~\mathrm {d} b~\mathrm {d} c~{\stackrel {!}{=}}~1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5823fe753463cf02740c55aef1eb44bfe1519e8e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:88.66ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int _{V}\delta ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0})~\mathrm {d} ^{3}r=\iiint _{V}\det {\frac {\partial (x,y,z)}{\partial (a,b,c)}}~\gamma (a,b,c)~\delta (a-a_{0})~\delta (b-b_{0})~\delta (c-c_{0})~\mathrm {d} a~\mathrm {d} b~\mathrm {d} c~{\stackrel {!}{=}}~1}" loading="lazy"></span>, falls <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}\in V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}\in V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/77090be1caab3f9bcee1dcc6b645ddb6d24073ae.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.905ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}\in V}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Daran lässt sich ablesen, dass gelten muss
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma =\left(\left.\det {\frac {\partial (x,y,z)}{\partial (a,b,c)}}\right|_{{\vec {r}}_{0}}\right)^{-1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
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<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
<mrow>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">det</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
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<mo>|</mo>
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<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mn>0</mn>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma =\left(\left.\det {\frac {\partial (x,y,z)}{\partial (a,b,c)}}\right|_{{\vec {r}}_{0}}\right)^{-1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e32162a1bf3a1a82f2d3ea891d9a99e29baf07ec.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:26.21ex; height:8.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma =\left(\left.\det {\frac {\partial (x,y,z)}{\partial (a,b,c)}}\right|_{{\vec {r}}_{0}}\right)^{-1}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>In krummlinigen Koordinatensystem muss die Delta-Distribution also mit einem Vorfaktor versehen werden, der dem Kehrwert der Funktionaldeterminante entspricht.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beispiele">Beispiele</h4></div>
<p>In <a href="Kugelkoordinaten" title="Kugelkoordinaten">Kugelkoordinaten</a> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(r,\theta ,\phi )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(r,\theta ,\phi )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/91e428ca67432de3bc1684c2e266d0f745369d38.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.723ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(r,\theta ,\phi )}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}=(r_{0},\theta _{0},\phi _{0})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}=(r_{0},\theta _{0},\phi _{0})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b84ba7b8c409b9e0e5785ea0d4b2beb0c39877f4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.94ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}=(r_{0},\theta _{0},\phi _{0})}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0})={\frac {1}{r^{2}\sin \theta }}~\delta (r-r_{0})~\delta (\theta -\theta _{0})~\delta (\phi -\phi _{0})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>θ<!-- θ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0})={\frac {1}{r^{2}\sin \theta }}~\delta (r-r_{0})~\delta (\theta -\theta _{0})~\delta (\phi -\phi _{0})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/98bcbac7f9ba1d77c1f60f4171820678d04781b9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:49.005ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0})={\frac {1}{r^{2}\sin \theta }}~\delta (r-r_{0})~\delta (\theta -\theta _{0})~\delta (\phi -\phi _{0})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>In <a href="Zylinderkoordinaten" class="mw-redirect" title="Zylinderkoordinaten">Zylinderkoordinaten</a> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(\rho ,\phi ,z)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(\rho ,\phi ,z)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7f70598ad7de2de25f5aa878c5b656e80124eaae.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.874ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(\rho ,\phi ,z)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}=(\rho _{0},\phi _{0},z_{0})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
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</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}=(\rho _{0},\phi _{0},z_{0})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ed9365b73c7f753c5eed5e4f9725e1172b5f0237.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.084ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{0}=(\rho _{0},\phi _{0},z_{0})}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0})={\frac {1}{\rho }}~\delta (\rho -\rho _{0})~\delta (\phi -\phi _{0})~\delta (z-z_{0})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
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<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0})={\frac {1}{\rho }}~\delta (\rho -\rho _{0})~\delta (\phi -\phi _{0})~\delta (z-z_{0})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c7d0b8a6290b8af2b8faa1781e1f290c9f81e898.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:43.679ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {r}}_{0})={\frac {1}{\rho }}~\delta (\rho -\rho _{0})~\delta (\phi -\phi _{0})~\delta (z-z_{0})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Dirac-Identit%C3%A4t" title="Dirac-Identität">Dirac-Identität</a></li>
<li><a href="Kronecker-Delta" title="Kronecker-Delta">Kronecker-Delta</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Dieter Landers, Lothar Rogge: <i>Nichtstandard Analysis.</i> Springer-Verlag, Berlin u.&nbsp;a. 1994, ISBN 3-540-57115-9 (<i>Springer-Lehrbuch</i>).</li>
<li><a href="Wolfgang_Walter_(Mathematiker)" title="Wolfgang Walter (Mathematiker)">Wolfgang Walter</a>: <i>Einführung in die Theorie der Distributionen.</i> 3. vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. BI-Wissenschafts-Verlag, Mannheim u.&nbsp;a. 1994, ISBN 3-411-17023-9.</li>
<li>F. G. Friedlander: <i>Introduction to the Theory of Distributions.</i> With additional material by M. Joshi. 2. edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge u.&nbsp;a. 1998, ISBN 0-521-64015-6.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dirac_distribution?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Delta-Distribution</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans Wilhelm Alt: <i>Lineare Funktionalanalysis: eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung</i>. 5. überarb. Auflage. Springer-Verlag, Berlin u.&nbsp;a., 2006, ISBN 3-540-34186-2, Seite 109.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rüdiger Hoffmann: <i>Grundlagen der Frequenzanalyse. Eine Einführung für Ingenieure und Informatiker. Mit 11 Tabellen</i> <a href="Expert_Verlag" title="Expert Verlag">Expert Verlag</a>, 2005, ISBN 978-3-8169-2447-0, S. 26.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Nolting: <i>Grundkurs Theoretische Physik 3. Elektrodynamik.</i> Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer, 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-71251-0.</span>
</li>
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